The text was identified by the librarian Rudrapatna Shamasastry as the Arthashastra.
A copy of the Arthashastra in Sanskrit, written on palm leaves, was presented by a Tamil Brahmin from Tanjore to the newly opened Mysore Oriental Library headed by Benjamin Lewis Rice. The text was considered lost by colonial era scholars, until a manuscript was discovered in 1905.
5.3 Officials, advisors and checks on government.5.1 The need for law, economics and government.2 Authorship, date of writing, and structure.The text was influential on other Hindu texts that followed, such as the sections on kings, governance and legal procedures included in Manusmriti. The Arthashastra explores issues of social welfare, the collective ethics that hold a society together, advising the king that in times and in areas devastated by famine, epidemic and such acts of nature, or by war, he should initiate public projects such as creating irrigation waterways and building forts around major strategic holdings and towns and exempt taxes on those affected. The text incorporates Hindu philosophy, includes ancient economic and cultural details on agriculture, mineralogy, mining and metals, animal husbandry, medicine, forests and wildlife. It includes books on the nature of government, law, civil and criminal court systems, ethics, economics, markets and trade, the methods for screening ministers, diplomacy, theories on war, nature of peace, and the duties and obligations of a king. The title Arthashastra is often translated to "the science of wealth" ( अर्थ), but the book Arthashastra has a broader scope. The first English translation was published in 1915. Composed, expanded and redacted between the 2nd century BCE and 3rd century CE, the Arthashastra was influential until the 12th century, when it disappeared. The text is likely to be the work of several authors over centuries. Some scholars believe them to be the same person, while most have questioned this identification. The latter was a scholar at Takshashila, the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Kautilya, also identified as Vishnugupta and Chanakya, is traditionally credited as the author of the text. The Arthaśāstra ( Sanskrit: अर्थशास्त्र, IAST: Arthaśāstra) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy.
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